Ashwagandha
Withania somnifera
Also known as: Indian Ginseng, Winter Cherry
Overview
One of the most researched adaptogens in Ayurvedic medicine, with dozens of human trials. A 2012 randomized, placebo-controlled trial found ashwagandha reduced serum cortisol by 27.9%, versus 7.9% with placebo, over 60 days (p=0.0006). May help support the body's response to everyday stress.
Proposed mechanism
Modulates the HPA (stress-hormone) axis, with human trials showing modest, inconsistent cortisol reductions. GABA-receptor activity and NF-kB inhibition are shown in lab and animal studies but not yet confirmed in humans. Thyroid-hormone effects come from one small trial in hypothyroid patients and are contradicted by human case reports of the opposite effect (thyrotoxicosis); those with thyroid conditions should consult a doctor before use.
Mechanisms describe how researchers think a compound may act, often from laboratory work — a proposed mechanism is not proof of a clinical effect in people.
Traditional & studied uses
Related pathways
Pathway tags are a research aid for browsing the glossary — they are not a claim that this ingredient treats any condition.